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Topographic Surveyors

Using the most precise GPS receivers, a survey project is normally carried out by building a precise network of primary survey control points covering the whole project area. Depending on the scale of the project, this network of primary control points can be densified further by setting a series of secondary control points using DGPS or Total Station.


The levels of survey control points established by GPS or Total Station Traverse are usually not exact enough, and they must be linked to a National Reference Bench Mark in order to assign accurate Mean Sea Level to each control point using digital levels. Detailed topographical survey is carried out by picking x, y, and z coordinates of all ground objects in the project area with predetermined feature codes using a Total Station with automatic data recording devices, based on accurate grid coordinates of primary and secondary survey control points. Despite widespread perception,


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